Buildings of Ramón Vázquez Molezún
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A Coruña, 1922- Madrid, 1993
Ramón Vázquez Molezún was born in A Coruña on 2 September 1922. He studied with the Hermanos Maristas, at the Faculty of Sciences in Santiago, and at the School of Arts and Crafts in A Coruña. In 1941, he moved to Madrid and entered the School of Architecture there, graduating in 1948.
He was awarded the Pensionado de Arquitectura scholarship from the Spanish Academy of Fine Arts in Rome, where he lived between 1949 and 1954. That period was very rich in terms of life experiences and his artistic and intellectual development. He toured Europe on his Lambretta scooter and painted intensively. The direct knowledge of classical art he gained and the discovery of European modernity at the time had a decisive impact on his life and on his education as an artist and architect. Many precursors for his architecture can be seen in the designs he did in Rome. Modular elements, geometry, organic growth and constructive function are always present in his work.
In 1953, he received the National Architecture Prize and began his collaboration with José Antonio Corrales. Their first joint project was the Instituto de Segunda Enseñanza in Herrera de Pisuerga, Palencia (1954-1956), no longer standing. In 1957, they won the first prize to build the Spanish Pavilion for the 1958 Brussels World’s Fair, which became a milestone in their professional career. Together with Alejandro de la Sota, they built La Residencia Infantil [Children’s Residence] in Miraflores de La Sierra. With these three works, all built within a short period, Molezún and Corrales began a fruitful collaboration that lasted for more than three decades.
In 1958, Molezún joined the Construction Department of the National Institute of Industry (INI), an experience that allowed him to experiment with new techniques and materials, offer industrial architecture a new image, and apply his knowledge to other projects. The extensive work carried out during his time at the INI included the thermal power plants in Alcúdia, Mallorca and Compostilla, León, as well as the El Grado hydroelectric plant (Huesca).
After he moved to Madrid, to calle Bretón de Los Herreros, near friends and colleagues, the collaborations continued and ultimately became his habitual way of working.
Competitions emerged as another discipline he engaged in regularly, a field for free experimentation and “creative gymnastics”. In addition to Corrales, his regular collaborators included José de La Mata, a colleague at the INI, José María García de Paredes, Javier Carvajal, José Luis Aranguren, Alejandro de La Sota, and Javier Sáenz de Oíza, among other artists and friends including Manuel Suárez Molezún, Amadeo Gabino, and Eduardo Chillida. Starting in 1970, he developed of much his professional activity with Rafael Olalquiaga and Gerardo Salvador Molezún, both of whom offered important support in the studio.
The 1960s and 1970s were the most productive and brilliant decades in his career. He participated in many competitions and carried out the most relevant projects in collaboration with Corrales: the Huarte House in the Colonia Puerta de Hierro in Madrid, the Cela House in Porto Pi, Mallorca, the offices for banks like Bankunión and Banco Pastor on Paseo de la Castellana, industrial buildings, and offices for Profidén, Selecciones Reader’s Digest, among others. Molezún and Corrales also built the first tourist developments in La Manga del Mar Menor through the Grupo Huarte.
In parallel and working by himself, Molezún designed homes for friends and family, such as the Pastor Botí in La Moraleja, Madrid (1955) and the Silva House in Las Lomas, Boadilla del Monte (1969), where he experimented with different materials, large roofs and fireplaces, demonstrating the influence of Wright and Aalto. The most personal and emblematic example of his individual work is his home in La Roiba, on the Ria de Pontevedra, built between 1967 and 1969, a design that adapts to the site and transforms over time – a demonstration of the essence of his craft and a reflection of his character.
Starting in 1978, with the first prize in the competition for the Port of Sotogrande, Cádiz, designed in collaboration with Rafael Olalquiaga, his activity was concentrated in the south. He continued his collaborations with Corrales, more sporadically, in competitions and institutional buildings for the Bank of Spain, in Madrid and Badajoz. He also maintained his connection to his hometown, A Coruña, where he built some interesting residential buildings, La Palloza and Oleiros, and the headquarters of the Barrié de La Maza Foundation, which was begun in 1978 but remained unfinished.
Molezún was a pioneer of modernity in Spain, an architectural visionary who worked passionately. Gifted with a special skill for craftmanship, an enduring curiosity about mechanisms and how things work, his design methods were centred on construction. A combination of rational thinking, talent and a creative sensitivity, and an exceptional personality earned him admiration and affection from all sides.
In 1992, he received the Gold Medal for Architecture together with José Antonio Corrales.
He died in Madrid on 1 October 1993.
Biography by María Vázquez
Bibliography